Peter the Hermit and the First Crusade

Peter the Hermit was known for preaching Crusade throughout France and Germany and instigating the movement of common folk that became known as the Crusade of the Poor People. He was also known as Cucu Peter, Little Peter or Peter of Amiens. Occupations CrusaderMonastic Places of Residence and Influence Europe and France Important Dates Born: c. 1050Disaster at Civetot: Oct. 21, 1096Died: July 8, 1115 About Peter the Hermit Peter the Hermit may have visited the Holy Land in 1093, but it wasnt until after Pope Urban II made his speech in 1095 that he began a tour of France and Germany, preaching the merits of the crusade as he went. Peters speeches appealed not only to trained knights, who usually followed their princes and kings on a crusade, but to laborers, tradesmen, and peasants. It was these untrained and disorganized folk who followed Peter the Hermit most eagerly to Constantinople in what became known as The Peoples Crusade or The Crusade of the Poor People. In spring of 1096, Peter the Hermit and his followers left Europe for Constantinople, then moved on to Nicomedia in August. But, as an inexperienced leader, Peter had trouble maintaining discipline among his unruly troops, and he returned to Constantinople to seek assistance from Byzantine Emperor Alexius. While he was gone the bulk of Peters forces was slaughtered by the Turks at Civetot. Disheartened, Peter almost returned home. Eventually, however, he made his way to Jerusalem, and just before the city was stormed he preached a sermon on the Mount of Olives. A few years after the capture of Jerusalem, Peter the Hermit returned to France, where he established an Augustinian monastery at Neufmoustier. Resources The Crusade of the Poor People Catholic Encyclopedia: Peter the Hermit  - Concise biography by Louis Brehier. Peter the Hermit and the Popular Crusade: Collected Accounts  - Collection of documents taken from August. C. Kreys 1921 publication, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and Participants. The First Crusade

Children Of Inter Parental Family Violence - 1087 Words

Every single day, a child encounters an act of violence. Not only on televisions but also in their own homes as well. For those who go through those circumstances strongly believe that even families and homes are not the shelters where they would find encouragement and sense of security, but rather they abstract the meaning as an arena where fear, anxiety, confusion, anger, and disruption are significant threads in the needlepoint of a home life,(Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 2015, pp. 97-108). A home is supposed to be a safe place where children start learning the essentials and importance of bonding of relationships. It’s a place, where children learn how to love and relate to others and start building of their†¦show more content†¦As a matter of concerns, the demand arises, how does exposure to inter-parental violence and childhood physical and emotional abuse cause physical aggressions in any undergraduate student. To look more closely, one must consider the results of earlier investigative results by various psychiatrists describing the root cause and their possible primitives’ measures. Why do so many children exposed to intimate partner violence struggle with emotional and behavioral problems and become victims or perpetrators of violence in their own relationships? Although multiple processes undoubtedly are involved, the subjective meaning that children draw from hostile and aggressive interactions in the family is proposed to be a critical factor in shaping its immediate and long-term impact on them (Fosco et al., 2007; Grych 2000; Grych and Fincham 1990). The cognitive-contextual framework (Grych and Fincham 1990; Grych et al. 1992) holds that when children witness aggression between their caregivers, they actively process and try to make sense of what is happening, and that their appraisals have implications for their immediate response in the situation and their long-term functioning. More specifically, it proposes that children appraise the degree of threat the interaction poses to them or their families, why it is occurring, and how they should respond. App raisals involve emotion as well as cognition (e.g.,

Video Game and Console Gaming Addiction Free Essays

I. The Problem and its Background A. INTRODUCTION In recent years gaming addiction (computer game addiction, console gaming addiction, or even excessive play on portable systems) has received increased attention not only from the media, but also from psychologists, psychiatrists, mental health organizations, and gamers themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Game and Console Gaming Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gaming addiction is not yet classified as a mental health disorder or â€Å"true† addiction like gambling or alcohol addiction. However, some gamers clearly struggle to keep their playing habits under control and may place more importance on their gaming accomplishments than their happiness and success in the real world (e.g., academic achievement, friendships, relationships, career advancement, health, etc.). B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Many people or computer users have their thoughts and questions about online games. But this is some common questions that we will have to acknowledge: a. Why do students easily get addicted in computer/online games? b. What are the harmful effects in getting addicted to computer/online games? C. IMPORTANCE OF STUDY This study aimed to know why many student easily get addicted to computer games and the harmful effects of computer/online games. D. DEFINITION OF TERMS †¢ Addiction- is the continued use of a mood altering substance or  behavior despite adverse dependency consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors. †¢ Online Game- is a video game played over some form of computer network, using a personal computer or video game console. This network is usually the internet or equivalent technology, but games have always used whatever technology was current: modems before the Internet, and hard wired terminals before modems. The expansion of online gaming has reflected the overall expansion of computer networks from small local networks to the internet and the growth of internet access itself. How to cite Video Game and Console Gaming Addiction, Papers

Flight Centre Travel Group Ltd †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Flight Centre Travel Group Ltd. Answer: Introduction: Investors are the key part of an organization. These stakeholders assist an organization to raise the funds for betterment of the company. Investor must go through the entire related details before making a decision about investing in a particular company or the industry/ In this report, FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD has been taken into the consideration to understand that how a company could be analyzed through analyzing various technique and methods. For identify the worth of the business, debt valuation management, share valuation technique, intrinsic price of the shares, WACC, share analysis, cost of capital etc studies have been done. Through these calculations, it has been identified that whether the investors must invest into the company or not and if the investors would invest into the company then how much return could be got by the investors. FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD is an Australian company. This company is the biggest retail travel outlet in the Australian market. Head quarter of the company is in Brisbane, Australia. This company has listed itself in the Australian stock exchange in 1982. The turnover of the company is around $ 20 billion (Home, 2017). This company is currently employing 20,000 people. Around 2,800 stores have been owned by the company in various countries and the performance of the company is stunning. FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTDs annual reports have been analyzed to identify that how the company raises the funds. In this study, the short term and long term debt of the company has been analyzed initially. The short term and long term debt management of the company is as follows: FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Long term debt 0 0 0 2 3 Short term debt 56 77 33 43 44 Further, the industrys data has been analyzed. The following are the short term and long term debt of the competitive company of FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LIMITEED. HELLOWORLD TRAVEL LTD 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Long term debt 63 58 28 27 33 Short term debt 0 0 0 1 2 Through this analysis, it has been found that the debt structure of FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LIMITED is not at all consistent according to the industry standards. Through the analysis over company and industrys debt, it has been found that the other companies in the industry are focusing more on the long term debt while the company is focusing on short term debt. At the same time, the increment rate of concerned company of debt is less than the industry rate. The cost of debt of FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LIMITED is 0.0263 which express that the company have to pay total 0.0350 parts to the debt holders in terms of interest. Calculation of cost of debt Outstanding debt 0 interest rate 5% Tax rate 0.3 Kd 0.0350 Thus, through the debt valuation study of the company, it has been analyzed that the performance of the companys debt is different from the industry. But the performance of the company is depicting positive influences. It has also been analyzed that the total cost of debt of the company is 3.50%. Share valuation: Further, share valuation study has been performed over the company to analyze the performance of the company in terms of total expenses and the capital structure. The current cost of equity of the company is 4.7041% which depict that the company has to pay total 4.7041% to the shareholders in terms of dividend. Dividend Discount Model Dividend expected 0.017505805 Growth rate 5% Price per share 28.919622 cost of equity 4.7041% In addition, it has been analyzed that the total revenue of the company has been enhanced from last 4 years. The company is performing well in the market so as the turnover of the company is also enhancing rapidly. The earnings and the revenue of the company are as follows: 2017-06 2016-06 2015-06 2014-06 2013-06 Revenue 2544 2625 2363 2207 1945 2017-06 2016-06 2015-06 2014-06 2013-06 Earnings 2.29 2.42 2.55 2.05 2.45 This depict that the performance of the company is quite stable. Currently, the total earnings of the company are 2.29 which are lower than last year but according to the industry performance, companys performance is stunning. Further, the value of shares has been analyzed through the P/E model and the constant dividend growth rate model. The calculations of both the techniques are as follows: Dividend Constant growth Model Dividend expected 0.02 Growth rate 5% Discount rate 3.46% Intrinsic Value (1.48) Share Price 28.919622 Overvalued (Morningstar, 2017) PE Multiple Model Industry PE ratio 9.76 EPS 2.29 Intrinsic Value 22.35 Share Price 28.919622 Overvalued Through both the evaluation, it has been found that the current share price of the company is overvalued. According to the dividend constant growth mode, the intrinsic value of the company is -1.48 and according to the P/E model, the intrinsic value of the shares is $ 22.35. There are various factors which have influenced the shares prices of the company such as discount rate, growth rate, expected dividend, industry P/E ratio etc. The influence of these factors could be shown above (Google finance, 2017). According to the analysis over both the methods, P/E approach is more reliable as this depends over the external sources management and factors and according to this approach, the intrinsic value of the company is $22.35. Still the share price of the company is overvalued which depict that when the share price of the company get down to $ 22.35 then the investors must buy the share of the company (AFR, 2017). Lastly, according to various studies, it has been analyzed that for valuing the share price of the company, various other data could also be considered by the investors such as the revenue of the company, dividend approach of the company, policy and strategy of the company, new projects, diversification, new products etc which directly impact over the share price and the performance of the company. Cost of capital: Cost of capital is an opportunity cost which refers to the specific investment of a company. This is the cost of the company which has been occurred through investing some amount into various projects with equal risk. The current cost of capital of the company is as follows: Calculation of WACC Price Cost Weight WACC Debt 0 0.035 0 0 Equity 1429 0.04704 1 0.04704 1429 Kd 0.04704 This depict that the total cost of the company is 0.04704. The tax rate of the company is 30% according to the government regulations of Australia. In this calculation the cost of debt of the company has been analyzed through using 30% tax rate. Through the calculations, it has been found that the cost of equity of the company is 4.704% and the cost of debt of the company is 3.5% which depict that there is some difference between both the cost, the main reason behind these differences are the tax rate, debt interest rate, growth rate of the share price and the expected dividend by the company (Morning star, 2017). Current liabilities of a company must not be included in the cost of capital as the main reason behind calculating the cost of capital is to analyze the long term cost of the company. If the current liabilities would be included in that then there would be no meaning to calculate the cost of capital of the company. Further, it the current liabilities would be included in that then it would be easy for the company to calculate the entire cost of the company. According to the analysis, the major value of the WACC is cost of equity and this could be used in investment decision making by overlooking the capital structure of the company and enhance the part of debt more than the equity so that a proper equation could be set and cost of the company could also be reduced (Google finance, 2017). Currently, company has diversifies its market into various new countries as well as the new techniques have been adopted by the company to run the business smoothly. Through this, it has been found that the company has enhanced the equity to invest into these projects rather than the debt of the company. Due to which, the risk level of the company has been reduced but at the same time, the cost of the company has been enhanced. Lastly, the capital structure of the company has been analyzed in context with the industry capital structure and it has also been analyzed that what would be the optimal capital structure of the company. The capital structure of the company is as follows: Through this analysis, it has been found that both the company and the industry are enahncing the level of equity rather than the debt to enhance and manage the funds of the company. so, the capital strcuture of the company is quite consistent with the industry standards. The optimal capiatl structure of a company must be accoridng to the industry and economical sitaution of the company, at the same time, the turnover and the perfrmance of the company also matters. Accroidng to this case, the debt and equity ratio of the company must be 4:6 so that the risk level of the company could be in the favor and the cost of the company could also be reduced. According to the above evaluation, it has been found that the performance of the company is enhancing rapidly and there are more chances of the company to offer high return to its employees in near future. The news articles and various journals depict that the performance of this company would be enhanced in future and as this company is the largest company in the Australian market so it would lead the another companies in the market (Glajnaric, 2016). According to FT (2017), the performance of the company is becoming better and the company is required to manage the capitals structure in such a manner that the optimal capital structure level could be got by the company (Voelkl and Fritz, 2017). According to (Bui et al, 2016), this company is offering the great return to the investors even in the phase of financial crisis. AFR, (2017) depict that the performance of the company would be better in near future. Company is just required to manage over few financial products to enhance the worth of the company (Oliver and Schoff, 2017). Yahoo finance (2017) depict that share price of the company is overvalued. Conclusion: Thus through this analysis, it has been found that the performance of the company is better than other companies in the industry. Still the company is suggested to make some changes into its capital structure and strategies to manage the optimal capitals structure and the share price of the company could be according to the intrinsic value f the company. References: AFR. 2017. FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD. Retrieved from https://www.afr.com/research-tools/FLT/company-profile/operational-history available on 3rd Oct 2017. AFR. 2017. FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD. Retrieved from https://www.afr.com/markets/buy-hold-sell-flight-centre-harvey-norman-ccamatil-qantas-treasury-wine-20170903-gya397 available on 3rd Oct 2017. Bloomberg. 2017. FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/FLT:AU available on 3rd Oct 2017. Bui, S.B.D., Petersen, T., Poulsen, J.N. and Gazerani, P., 2016. Headaches attributed to airplane travel: a Danish survey. The journal of headache and pain, 17(1), p.33. Glajnaric, M., 2016. The importance of dividend paying stocks. Equity, 30(2), p.6. Google finance. 2017. FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD. Retrieved from https://finance.google.com/finance?q=ASX:FLT available on 3rd Oct 2017. Home. 2017. FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD. Retrieved from https://www.fctgl.com/ available on 3rd Oct 2017. Morningstar. 2017. FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD. Reterived from https://financials.morningstar.com/company-profile/c.action?t=FGETFregion=usaculture=en-US available on 3rd Oct 2017. Morningstar. 2017. Hello world travel limited. Retrieved from https://financials.morningstar.com/balance-sheet/bs.html?t=HLOregion=ausculture=en-US available on 3rd Oct 2017. Oliver, J. and Schoff, P., 2017. Agency and Competition Law in Australia Following ACCC v Flight Centre Travel Group. Journal of European Competition Law Practice, 8(5), pp.321-328. Voelkl, B. and Fritz, J., 2017. Relation between travel strategy and social organization of migrating birds with special consideration of formation flight in the northern bald ibis. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 372(1727), p.20160235. Yahoo finance. 2017. FLIGHT CENTRE TRAVEL GROUP LTD. Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/flt.ax?ltr=1 available on 3rd Oct 2017.

Joint Ventures Trianon HR Management

Free Essays on How We Created An Enemy And Started A War

How We Created an Enemy and Started a War. It is a question of moral ethics, a conscious decision to fool the subconscious mind. The American population was fooled, led like sheep to slaughter. We as a people must keep our eyes open for the truth. It is out there but well hidden behind an iron curtain of red tape. The greatest example in our life today was how we were fooled into war. How we created our enemy and then destroyed it. The first thing we did was create the enemy. This was done for us incrementally. The enemy that created itself was Osama Bin Laden, flying those planes into our buildings was the perfect excuse for this plan to be implemented. Thanks to CNN, NBC, FOX, and all other news groups playing Osamas face then Husseins right next to each other, back to back, side to side. Making sure that every time your heard one name the other followed. The media did not say that they were at all linked. The media just played one right after the other, letting your brain sub-consciously link the two groups together. The second thing we did became finding the obvious differences. America can stand united better when we are fighting a common enemy with one or more traits for us to hate or debase. Our first obvious difference was religion we stood together and jeered Hutcheson 2 when we found out they were Muslims. Also put together their style of dress their long flowing robes compared to our pants, and their towels as opposed to our ball caps. Race and dietary habits and you have more than enough common differences for Americans to learn to hate and band together and fight these â€Å"towel heads†. The third thing that we did was learn to control the media. Making sure they broadcast only the ruling party’s information. We accomplished this through state run media. In times of conflict, all foreign for-profit media repeats the ruling party’s information. So all foreign for-profit... Free Essays on How We Created An Enemy And Started A War Free Essays on How We Created An Enemy And Started A War How We Created an Enemy and Started a War. It is a question of moral ethics, a conscious decision to fool the subconscious mind. The American population was fooled, led like sheep to slaughter. We as a people must keep our eyes open for the truth. It is out there but well hidden behind an iron curtain of red tape. The greatest example in our life today was how we were fooled into war. How we created our enemy and then destroyed it. The first thing we did was create the enemy. This was done for us incrementally. The enemy that created itself was Osama Bin Laden, flying those planes into our buildings was the perfect excuse for this plan to be implemented. Thanks to CNN, NBC, FOX, and all other news groups playing Osamas face then Husseins right next to each other, back to back, side to side. Making sure that every time your heard one name the other followed. The media did not say that they were at all linked. The media just played one right after the other, letting your brain sub-consciously link the two groups together. The second thing we did became finding the obvious differences. America can stand united better when we are fighting a common enemy with one or more traits for us to hate or debase. Our first obvious difference was religion we stood together and jeered Hutcheson 2 when we found out they were Muslims. Also put together their style of dress their long flowing robes compared to our pants, and their towels as opposed to our ball caps. Race and dietary habits and you have more than enough common differences for Americans to learn to hate and band together and fight these â€Å"towel heads†. The third thing that we did was learn to control the media. Making sure they broadcast only the ruling party’s information. We accomplished this through state run media. In times of conflict, all foreign for-profit media repeats the ruling party’s information. So all foreign for-profit...

Work in the medical field. Should Dr be required to tell patients they Essay

Work in the medical field. Should Dr be required to tell patients they have Alzheimers - Essay Example This is enshrined in the American Medical Association code of professional medical ethics in which a doctor has to inform his or her patient about that patients true state of health. This is contained in Opinion No. 10 of the AMA Code of Ethics under the patient-physician relationship which is but essentially a moral activity. In this regard, the doctor is bound to put the patients interests above that of his own self-interest and of other groups, that the patients welfare is always paramount. A corollary to this opinion is the implied imperative for doctors to care for patients and alleviate the suffering using the best sound medical judgment during their rendition of health care. Based on the code, doctors have to tell their patients about an Alzheimers diagnosis as firstly, most patients want to know and secondly, they have a right to know. However, this is not a blanket authority to tell each potential Alzheimers patient about it, as circumstances can vary (Gordon & Goldstein, 2001, p. 1806) such as the degree of the disease (mildly or severely ill), a wish from family members not to tell the patient which might cause confusion, depression and an unwarranted possible grief and many other factors which make each clinical case a unique one. A doctor may enlist the family by choosing the one member who is closest to the patient in terms of understanding the patient and the one who is best able to break the bad news to the patient. On the other hand, many ethical and moral issues must be considered in truth disclosure such as patient autonomy (or the ability to make informed decisions based on right knowledge), the principle of non-maleficence (a patient might become hysterical or suicidal, for example) and the right of family members to know so they can plan ahead financially and emotionally. All that a doctor confronted with this dilemma can do is take into account those several factors and come to his or her best judgment. Equally important,

K. Patricia Cross Future Leaders Award Personal Statement

K. Patricia Cross Future Leaders Award - Personal Statement Example I would like to go back and teach as a professor in KFUPM. I have personally designed a course that is known as, â€Å"From ore to steel,† which guides engineers and technicians in the process of transforming ore to steel. I formulated the class material, discussion, and exams for this course. The fact that I have designed this course indicates that my teaching skills are beyond replicating written material because I can prepare original teaching materials and deliver them to students. In fact, I received an award of the best course taught in Saudi Basic Industries Corporation where I taught this subject. I took part in Saudi Iron and Steel Corporation as a production supervisor from April 2005 to May 2008. I supervised the color coating line team that consisted of fifty operators who were from diverse backgrounds. Since I was able to manage the team that consisted of individuals with diverse characteristics, it means that my leadership skills are not local, but

Hybrid Cultural Object Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hybrid Cultural Object - Essay Example Language entails the sharing of ideas and thoughts from one person to the other. The culture of the language has been evolving from one community to another. The evolving nature of language has led to the object of communication being improved to a level of being termed as a hybrid language. The most common element of this tool is the use of signs and symbols to communicate. The use of signs has developed significantly due to the interaction of human beings from different regions around the globe. The pressure to find out an aspect of sign language that would unify different cultures in the region have led to the scientific study of signs; semiotics. Signs having been developing, and this study helps the human diversity to know how they are supposed to behave in a particular situation without there being a second person to engage in the verbal communication (Ipsen). The hybrid nature of communication in this state is that signs are being developed into a global unified way that every community get aligned to the communication base to one another. In other words, the signs developed are familiar to everyone around the globe. The global awareness and unity in communication have been established by the fact that there is an organised system that the signs follow. Since there is an organised way of communicating through the use of signs, every stakeholder in the signs language will follow the laid down system. The following of the laid down rules and regulations help different cultural groups to have a unified sign that helps in communication. When a person at one corner of the world sees an image or a picture representing, a situation will be able to give the meaning from the picture and interpret it. Therefore, a person can analyse the situation and act accordingly. It is the globally accepted picture that will help the reader to communicate accordingly in that situation. Signs as used in communication changes

Individual And Situational Factors On Workplace Deviance Psychology Essay

Individual And Situational Factors On Workplace Deviance Psychology Essay Workplace deviance has emerged as a major area of attention among human resource management and organizational behavior researchers (Bennett Robinson, 2000, 2003; Griffin, OLeary-Kelly Collins). It is regularly performed in the workplace by a spectrum of employees ranging from blue collar employees, in both profit and non-profit organisation to white collar employees (Giacalone and Greenberg, 1997). In the perspective of Bennett and Robinsons (2003), organizational deviance research contends a broader conceptualization of deviance which has occurred over the last ten years and an agreement on a definition has been difficult (Kidwell et al, 2005). It has spawned a variety of concepts and related definitions. For example, in Robinson and Bennett (1995), they defined workplace deviance as voluntary behavior of organizational members that violates significant organizational norms, and in so doing, threatens the well-being of the organization and/or its members (p. 556), and this definition has been adopted by other organizational research too such as Lee Allen, 2002; Martinko, Gundlach and Douglas, 2002; and Sackett, 2002; Mount, Ilies and Johnson, 2006). Other researchers studied workplace deviance also use different distinct terminology such as retaliation (Skarlicki and Foldger, 1997), aggression (Douglas and Martinko, 2001; Fox Spector, 1999; Neuman Baron, 1997; OLeary-Kelly, Griffin, Glew, 1996), revenge (Bies, Tripp, Kramer, 1997), counterproductive behavior (Spector et al, 2005 and Sackett, 2002), antisocial behaviour (Giacolone Greenberg 1997), dysfunctional behaviour and organizational misbehaviour (Vardi Weitz, 2003). Conceptually, workplace deviance is generally used to describe specific incidences of deviant behaviour in the workplace; therefore, the actions of individual employees serve as the basic unit of analysis (Robinson Greenberg, 1998). For this research the term workplace deviance by Robinson and Bennet (1995) will be use because it appears as one of the popular terms among researchers nowadays in this area. This includes local researcher for example Faridahwati (2003), Samsuddin and Rahman (2006) and Abdul Rahman (2008) who used this terminology. Behaviors labeled deviant include unsafe work practices, drug abuse, stealing, dishonesty, volitional absenteeism, alcohol abuse, destruction of an organizations property (Griffin OLeary-Kelly, 2004), employee theft, withholding effort, violence, insubordination, sabotage, whistle-blowing, poor attendance, misuse of information, alcohol use and abuse, gambling, inappropriate internet use, littering (Mount, Ilies and Johnson, 2006) and harassment (Jixia Yang, 2008). In addition, with technology advancement and internet in the workplaces, browsing the web and checking personal emails are some of the diversity of workplace deviance acts (Nguyen, 2008). Scholars have estimated that up to 75 percent (Harper, 1990), 85 percent (Harris and Ogbonna, 2002), and 95 percent (Slora, 1991) of employee routinely behave in a manner that can be described as deviance (cited in Harris and Ogbonna, 2006). Over the past decade, there has been an increase in attention to workplace deviance including violence, stealing, dishonesty, volitional absenteeism, drug and alcohol abuse many of which have been addressed in this special issue. In Malaysia, the evidence of workplace deviance had begin to soar. KPMG Fraud Survey 2004 (Ngui, 2005) shows 83% of Malaysian public and private limited companies have experienced fraud which is also a form of workplace deviance. This is an increase of 33% from 2002 survey. Another survey by Pricewaterhouse Coopers Global Economic Crime Survey 2005 (Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 2006) reveals that 23% out of 100 Malaysian large companies surveyed have been subjected to fraud, and 70% of the cases reported was committed by employees (Zauwiyah and Mariati, 2008). Other evidence in Malaysia from the public media involve dishonesty and poor work attitude cases (New Strait Times, 2005), fraudulence, (Utusan Malaysia, 2004), underperformed and lazy (Star, October 2009) and the issue of fake medical certificate which these behaviors are labeled under forms of workplace deviance (Utusan Malaysia, 2003 cited from Abdul Rahman and Aizat, 2008). Other forms of deviance including corruption (New Stra its Times, 2009) which is also a growing problem in Malaysia that highly involves employees in the public sector. For example base on a research done by Global Corruption Barometer which was announced by the Transparency International indicates that corruption percentage is high among employees in the public sectors (Berita Harian, June 2009). Deviance act was also reported to the police and 27 disciplinary cases involving the public sector were reported by the Public Service Department (Abdul Rahman, 2008). In the Malaysian Current Law journal from 2000 until 2005 also reported a review of dismissal cases from the Malaysian Industrial Relations Department (Abdul Rahman, 2008). Samsuddin and Rahman (2006) also had highlighted the presence of workplace deviance in Malaysia. Substance abuse for example also becomes a significant problem among public and private organizations in Malaysia. The National Drug Agency under the Malaysian Ministry of Internal Affairs registered a total of 250,045 drug addicts in government and private sectors between January 1995 and February 2005 (Abdul Rahman, 2008). Other forms of deviance behavior including sabotage, threatening a pay cut, antagonising and showing disrespect of an employees religious belief was also reported to the Labour Deparment (Faridahwati, 2004). Whether the deviance is explicit or subconscious, it has negative consequences for the entity and affiliates. It affect organizational performance, safety and health of the employees (Kidwell and Kochanowski, 2005) and enormous costs associated with such behavior (Peterson, 2002). For example, nearly 95 percent of all companies in United States reported some deviance-related experience within their respective organizations (Henle et al., 2005) and the estimated impact of widespread workplace deviance has also been reported to be $50 billion annually on the United States economy (Henle et al., 2005b). It is continue to soar out of control with nearly 95 percent of all companies reporting some deviance-related experience within their respective organizations (Case, 2000; Henle et al., 2005). Infact, employee theft and fraud is the fastest growing type of crime in the United States (Coffin, 2003) Researchers have addressed the consequences of deviant behaviours in some detail. It is reported that workplace deviance gives a financial impact on the organizations and victims of workplace deviance are more likely to suffer from stress-related problems and show a relatively decreased productivity, lost work time and a relatively high turnover rate (Henle et al., 2005). The impact of workplace deviance can also be translated into turnover, lower productivity, employee morale, higher rates of absenteeism and turnover (Hoel, Einarsen, and Cooper, 2003; Keashly and Jagatic, 2003). Therefore, given the growing prevalence of detrimental behaviors and the associated costs, it is beneficial to organizations and researchers to determine which variables contribute to such behavior, or identify potential factors that can predict the occurrence of various types of workplace deviance. Thus, there is great incentive, financial and otherwise, for organizations to prevent and discourage any negative workplace deviance within their walls. For these reasons, it is a great interest in understanding the antecedents of workplace deviance (Hogan and Hogan, 1989; Robinson and Greenberg, 1998; Henle, 2005; Mount 2006). Base on the findings of past empirical research it shows that certain factors are vulnerable to deviant behaviors by employees such as job stressors (e.g.. Fox et al, 2001), organizational frustration, (e.g., Spector, 1975), lack of control, over the work environment (e.g., Bennett, 1998), weak sanctions for rule violations (e.g., Hollinger and Cjiark, 1983), and organizational changes such as downsizing (e.g.Baron and Neuman, 1996). Some researchers had suggested that situational or organizational factors might be responsible for workplace deviance. Appelbaum et al. (2005) suggested that operational environment rather than individual personality characteristics is a good predictor of employees engaging in negative deviant workplace behavior. This is opined by Henle (2005) that employees will commit deviant behavior in the organization depending on the situational environment in workplace regardless of their individual characteristics. However, Martinko (2002) suggested that individu al difference variables is an important antecedent to workplace deviance because of the influence these individual differences are likely to have on attribution process. Previous research also has demonstrated that there are meaningful linkages between employees individual characteristics and deviant behavior at work (e.g., BennettRobinson, 2003; Dalal, 2005; Douglas Martinko, 2001; Salgado, 2002). However, Robinson and Greenberg (1998) point out that no clear picture emerges of a deviant personality type and that personality traits seem to only account for a small percentage of the variance in predicting deviant behaviour (Browing, 2008). Previous empirical research however did demonstrated that certain organizational factors also make companies more vulnerable to deviant behaviors by employees such as joh stressors (e.g.. Fox et al, 2001), organizational frustration (e.g., Spector, 1975), lack of control over the work environment (e.g., Bennett, 1998), weak sanctions for rule violations (e.g., Hollinger and C;iark, 1983), and organizational chauges such as downsizing (e.g.Baron and Neuman, 1996). Thus, base on this perspective, only indicates that deviant acts at work depending on the work environment regardless of their individual characteristics. Base on various researchers perspective, there has been a controversial either individual characteristics or situational environment of the organization contributes to workplace deviance. In fact, there are also other researchers that suggested that various antecedents of workplace deviance from situational and individual difference. There are findings indicated that there are meaningful linkage between personality characteristics and workplace deviance (e.g., Bennett and Robinson, 2003; Dalal, 2005; Douglas and Martinko, 2001; Salgado, 2002). This issue had been continue to be controversial and there had been little disagreement on the antecedent correlated to workplace deviance and consensus regarding which situational and individual differences correlated to workplace deviance. However, Colbert et al. (2004); Henle (2005) suggested that future research should identify both situation and person-based explanations of workplace deviance so that organizations could predict and ultimately, minimize the occurrence of workplace deviance. Even, more than a decade, apparently still very few studies have assessed both personal and organizational correlates (actual or self-reported) workplace deviance (Lefkowitz, 2009). In Malaysia itself, studies on workplace deviance had been done previously by Shamsudin (2003), Faridahwati (2004), Razali (2005), Radzi and Din (2005), Sien (2006) and Abdul Rahman (2008). Various studies had been done using various units of analysis, for example, studies on workplace deviance done by Faridahwati (2004), Samsuddin (2003) and Sien use hotel employees as sample, Radzi and Din (2005) in a high technology multinational companies in the northern region, Razali (2005) focus on production workers in Penang and Abdul Rahman (2008) use production employees in manufacturing companies in various states in Malaysia. Base on this comparison, the existing local studies however fall short using public sector employees as unit of analysis. 2.0 Problem Statement There is a growing problem of workplace deviance in the workplace that should not be ignored. Evidence from newspapers and other public media indicates various forms of workplace deviance exists in Malaysia such cases of dishonesty, poor work attitudes, fraudulence, and the issue of fake medical certificate (Abdul Rahman, 2008). A number of regional Labour Department in Malaysia also had indicated that at least twenty to 30 cases in a month have been reported by employees and employers. Findings from Faridahwati (2003) revealed that saying hurtful things and making fun of someone at work stands out to be common forms of deviance act in workplace. In addition, the acts of deviance behavior at workplace had been documented increase in the number of reported incidents in workplace (Faridahwati, 2004). For example, corruption (Utusan online, October, 2009), theft, sabotage, harassment, cursed someone at work and publicly being embarrassed at workplace (Kosmo, October 2009), putting little effort at work (Utusan, August 2009), taking breaks during office hours which had become a culture among public sector employees (Arkib, 2008). All these behaviors are various forms of deviant behavior that had been reported by published media in public sectors. Apparently, there are proofs of problems rooted in the poor performance among the public sector employees (Johari et al., 2009). This is supported by Siddique (2006), who claimed that public service agencies in Malaysia has long been criticized for its inflexibility, ineffective accountability, and poor performance among the officials. The bleak picture is evident when the Malaysian Public Service has recorded 58 percent increase in formal complaints from the public (Siddique, 2006). In 2005, a total of 2,707 complaints were received with regard to the public service poor performance, such as delays in service provision, unfair actions/decisions of the administrators, abuse of power, misconduct of the officials, and failure to enforce rules which all these are forms of deviant behaviors.. Added to this, the chief secretary of the Malaysian government, Tan Sri Mohd Sidek Hassan (2009) mentioned that the number of disciplinary cases against civil servants is on the rise. For example, there were 3,383 such cases last year compared with 2,159 in year 2007. Such form of deviant cases being reported are absenteeism, tardiness and sexual harassment. This is also opined by Abdul Rahman (2008) that disciplinary cases involving employees in the public sector had been highly reported. Absenteeism which also a form of workplace deviance had become a significant issue where there are cases of employees in public sectors did not turn up for work for almost three months without the knowledge of their supervisors and employers (Ministry of Human Resource, 2009). A report from January till September 2009 indicated that 129 public employees in Selangor were absent without reason or permission and 49% of the 129 public sector employees are from the support staff level (Bernama, 13 Septe mber, 2009). This was also supported by Cuepecs Secretary, Ahmad Shah (2009) that most of them are in the category of supporting staff and is station outside the office. It also had been reported that absenteeism had been the four highest principal of offense cases which 7,688 cases or 55 percent, followed by code of conduct and prohibition case, court cases and abuse or dangerous drug ownership (Utusan, June 2007). Apart from the above, there has been an increase of 36.2% offense cases from public sector employees at various levels in year 2009 and 3,383 offense cases are committed compared to 2,159 cases in year 2007 (Tan Sri Mohd Sidek Hassan, Utusan dated October, 2009). Added to this, rules violation cases involve officers from the public service were reported to be increasing each year and as many as 2,955 in year 2006 compared to 1,943 at 2002 (Utusan, June 2008). Vardi and Weitz (2004) stated that there are two major costs that come with workplace deviance , financial costs (e.g., destruction of organizational property, violation of laws, codes and regulations, etc.) and social costs (e.g., destructive political behaviors, harassment, and sustained suboptimal performance) (Griffin OLeary-Kelly, 2004). Thus, the pervasiveness of workplace deviance in public sector made it an important area to study. Apart from the above, despite the increasing forms of workplace deviance reported in the public sector, there had been little studies or no attention to investigate workplace deviance in the perspective of public sector employees. In fact, workplace deviance had been received less attention among organizational scholars (Vardi and Weist, 2004; Abdul Rahim and Abdul Rahman, 2008). 3.0 Research Objectives The purpose of this study is to contributed to the workplace deviance literature by adopting an interaction approach to empirically examine how both person- and situation-based variables interact to explain workplace deviance. The research objectives are as follows: i) To identify typical forms of workplace deviance that exists in the public sector. ii) To investigate the determinants of workplace deviance that exists in the public sector. iii) To measure workplace deviance behavior in the public sector. iv) To determine whether individual variables (gender, negative affectivity, trait anger) influence workplace deviance in the public sector. v) To determine whether situational variables (job sastisfaction, work group norms and organizational justice) influence workplace deviance in the public sectors. 4.0 Significance contribution This research makes contributions to both the theory and practice of management. Although scholars have recognized that deviance can be socially constructed, there has been a death of research that has specifically addressed this issue especially in the perspective of public sector employees. Further to this, the purpose of this study is to contribute to the workplace deviance literature by adopting an interactional approach to empirically examine how both individual-and situation-based variables interact to explain workplace deviance. On the implication, it benefits the superiors and managers. This study will contribute to a better understanding on deviant behaviors in the workplace and contributed to the literature examining complex antecedents of workplace deviance. Furthermore, there is paucity for empirical study of workplace deviance especially in the context of public sector in Malaysia. Also, looking at the perspective of academic level, the result of this study will give more insight in the contribution and development of knowledge in the areas of human resource management and public administration concerning workplace deviance. It is also expected that the result from this proposed study will assist policy makers and practitioners to reduce the occurrences of workplace deviance issues related to organizational and individual factors. By understanding, the factors that influence workplace deviance, the government would also in a better position to plan and implement complementary and an integrated of publi c administration policies and practices to enhance the effectiveness of the employees in the public sector thus reduce the existence of workplace deviance. The result of the study is also expected to assist government sectors to use the information from the study to implement training and development related to this issue. It will also contribute to all fields which in turn enhance the theoretical and academic integration of several branches (organization behavior and human resource management) and their mother field of public administration. Finally, the most ultimate objective is to reduce workplace deviance which contributes tangible and intangible costs to the victims and organization. 5.0 Scope of study This study is an explanatory in nature and adopts a cross-sectional design. This study will targeted the support staff as sample. Support staff was chosen as it had been reported in the media that 10,438 civil servants had been given disciplinary action from year 2003 till 2006 and 92 percent are from the support staff (Utusan, June 2007). Moreover, it has been suggested that those who have the lower status may be the most prone to exhibiting deviant behavior (e.g., Gilligan, 1996; Wicklund Gollwitzer, 1982). Employees from the Royal Malaysian Custom department will be chosen as sample as this department interact and liaise widely with various customers. The study will fill the gap in terms of providing research findings that integrate the respondents perception on situation variables (job satisfaction, workgroup norms and organizational justice) and individual variables (Gender, trait anger and negative affectivity) which all were conceptualize as independent variables. The focus of this study is to determine the individual and situational factors of workplace deviance in a public organization. 6.0 Operational Definition: Workplace Deviance: Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and in so doing threatens the well-being of an organization, its members, or both. This definition includes non serious (e.g. tardiness) as well as more serious types of workpalce deviance (e.g. theft of cash and harassment) (Robinson and Bennet, 1995). Trait Anger: Trait anger is described as a disposition to experience state anger overtime and context overtime (Speilberger, 1996). Negative affectivity: Negative affectivity reflects the extent to which individuals experience distressing emotions such as hostility, fear, and anxiety (Watson Clark, 1984). Job satisfaction: Job satisfaction reveals the degree to which an employee is content with their job as a whole and encompasses multiple aspects of ones job ranging from the work itself, the quality of interpersonal relationships, compensation and career advancement opportunities (Bruck, Allen Spector, 2002). Work Group Norms: Group Norms are informal rules that group adopts to regulate and regularize group members behavior (Fieldman, 1984). Organizational injustice: Three types of fairness perceptions: distributive, procedural, and interactional injustice. Judgements concerning distributive revolve around the employees evaluations of outcome fairness, that is, whether the individual has received a fair share of rewards given his or her relative contribution to a societal exchange (Adam, 1965). Distributive injustice typically refers to fairness evaluations regarding work outcomes such as pay, benefits, promotions, and so on. Procedural injustice includes judgments about the processes and procedures used to make decisions and to determine ones outcome (Greenberg, 1990, Lind Tyler, 1988). Chapter 2 Review of Literature 2.0 Introduction A large body of literature on the topics of workplace deviance and its antecedents provides will be reviewed in this chapter. An extensive search process was conducted by utilizing numerous database. This chapter will provide contemporary literature regarding workplace deviance as discussed in the previous chapter. 2.1 Workplace deviance Researchers have given these behaviors many different names including workplace deviance (Bennett and Robinson, 2003), counterproductive behavior (Mangione and Quinn, 1975), and antisocial behavior (Giacolone and Greenberg, 1997). In essence, behavior is deemed deviant when an organizations customs, policies, or internal regulations are violated by an individual or a group that may jeopardize the well-being of the organization or its citizens (Robinson and Bennett, 1995). This proposed study will used the definition of workplace deviance by Robinson and Bennett (1995) as voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and in so doing threatens the well-being of an organization, its members, or both. Organizational norms in this definition assume a managerial orientation about expectations of employee behaviors without excluding adoption of this perspective by other employees. This definition also focuses on violations of norms that apply across a broad spectrum of employees, rather than violations of norms around specific duties. Employee deviance, then, consists of acts that violate norms encouraging respect for organizational property and norms that encourage respect for other individuals. Workplace deviance ranges from a milder forms, such as rudeness and tardiness, to more extreme forms, such as theft, workplace deviance is considered part of the performance domain (Rotundo Sackett, 2002; Sackett, 2002; Viswesvaran Ones, 2000). .Behaviors that have been identified as deviant in previous research include subtle expressions of rebellion (e.g., gossiping, taking unapproved breaks), as well as more aggressive actions (e.g., theft, verbal abuse; Robinson Bennett, 1995). Keashly, Trott, and MacLean (1994), in their study of abusive behavior in the workplace which is also a form of workplace deviance found that, found that all participants had experienced at least one incident of nonsexual, nonphysical abusive behavior. Relatedly, 32% of participants in Bjorkqvist, Osterman, and Hjelt-Backs (1994) study of harassment (also one of the forms of deviance) at work reported that they had observed others being mistreated. Workplace deviance can be divided further into two subcategories (Bennett Robinson, 2000; Robinson Bennett, 1995). The first category, referred to as interpersonal deviance, consists of acts that inflict harm upon individuals (e.g., verbal harassment, assault, spreading rumors). Organizational deviance is defined as acts directed against the company or its systems (e.g., sabotaging equipment, theft, wasting resources). The prevalence and costs of deviance in the workplace make its study imperative (Robinson and Lawrence, 2007). Psychological reactions to workplace deviance include feelings of depression and anxiety (Bjorkvist et al., 1994). Psychosocial problems (Kaukiainen, Salmivalli, Bjorkqvist, Osterman, Lahtinen, Kostamo, Lagerspetz, 2001); emotional exhaustion (OBrien Vandello, 2005; Tepper, 2000); life dissatisfaction (Tepper, 2000); and decrements in emotional well-being (LeBlanc Kelloway, 2002; Schat Kelloway, 2000), self-esteem, and self-confidence (Price Spratlen, 1995) are other psychological strains. Work-related psychological reactions are job dissatisfaction, work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict (Tepper, 2000), and decrements. in job-related affect (Schat Kelloway, 2003), normative commitment, and affective commitment (Tepper, 2000). Physical reactions include physical symptoms (Kaukiainen et al., 2001) and decrements in psychosomatic well-being (LeBlanc Kelloway, 2 002; Schat Kelloway, 2003). Due to the impact, workplace deviance has increasingly received researchers attention, in part because of the alarming statistics indicating its pervasiveness in the workplace. The financial and non financial costs associated with workplace deviance warrant attention from both researchers and practitioners. Much research attention has been given to the damaging effects of workplace deviance within organizations. However, as yet, little research has been conducted to try to understand whether and how the presence of workplace deviance is associated with a deterioration in public administration. Research regarding workplace deviance often investigates personality (e.g., Douglas and Martinko, 2001; Salgado, 2002) or situational (e.g. Greenhcrg, 1990; Skarlicki and Folger, 1997) predictors while neglecting the interaction between the personality and situational variables. Consistent with other research areas and calls to examine the joint influences of situational and individual variables on deviant workplace behavior (Sackett DeVore, 2001), some researchers have begun to empirically investigate interactionist hypotheses in the deviance literature (e.g., Colbert, Mount, Harter, Witt, Barrick; 2004, Henle, 2005). Colbert et al. (2004) noted that future research should examine the joint relationship of perceptions of the work situation and personality with both organizational and interpersonal deviance. As suggested by Mickaulay (2001) that understanding the independent effects of situational and individual variables may lead to more effective control of workplace deviance. Th erefore, this proposed research will look into the situation and personality as well as the interaction between the two as empirical research on this dynamic between the individual and situation has been limited (Mickaulay, 2001). 2.2 Individual and situational factors of workplace deviance Workplace deviance is influenced by situational as well as individual factors (Colbert et al., 2004; Douglas Martinko, 2001; Marcus Schuler, 2004). Individual factors may have a direct effect on workplace deviance. For example, Douglas and Martinko found that a combination of individual difference measures (e.g., trait anger, attribution style, and self-control) accounted for 62% of variance in self-reported workplace aggression which is also a form of workplace deviance (Tang et al., 2008). Other individual characteristics are related to workplace deviance (e.g., conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability; Colbert et al., 2004). Workplace deviance is also influenced by situational as well as individual factors (Colbert et al., 2004; Douglas Martinko, 2001; Marcus Schuler, 2004). Individual factors may have a direct effect on workplace deviance. .For example, Skarlicki et al. (1999) found that negative affectivity interacted with perceptions of distributive and interactional justice in the prediction of retaliatory behaviors. When situational factors investigate deviant behaviors, individual factors may amplify this effect (as in the case of trait anger; Hepworth Towler, 2004) (as in the case of self-control; Brown et al., 2005). Base on the above perspective on individual and situational variables towards workplace deviance, this study contributed to the workplace deviance literature by examining the importance of situation- and person-based explanations in addition to their interactions. Although many have advocated for an interactional approach to studying deviant work behaviors, few studies have done so (Henle, 2005). The organizational and social psychology literature demonstrate that individual differences constitute an important explanation for workplace deviance. However, it appears that workplace deviance cannot be attributed to individual traits alone. Langton et al. (2006) also assert that no single factor or theory that can account for each and every occurrence. For example, even an employee working in the same company and having the same demographic characteristics, are not both necessarily going to commit workplace deviants act. As such, Langton (2006) opined that there must be internal traits that predispose a worker to workplace deviance. It is also more likely that deviant behavior may be best predicted based on a combination of individual variables and the situational nature of the workplace situation (Peterson, 2002). For this research, individual variables (gender, trait anger and self control) and situational variables (job satisfaction, stress (work stress and general life stress ), work group norms and perceive justice) will be used as independent variables for this study. 2.3 Individual variables 2.3.1 Gender Various researchers had indicated that male tend to be more deviant behavior at work (Baron et al., 1999), absenteeism (Johns, 1997), theft (Hollinger and Clark, 1983), substance abuse (Hollinger, 1988), and vandalism (DeMore et al., 1988). Researchers also

A Character Analysis of Macbeth in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

A Character Analysis of Macbeth in Shakespeare's Macbeth By the end of Act V scene v it is clear that Macbeth is not going to rule his kingdom much longer. He is to be killed by a "man none of woman born" (IV,i,80) who we find out latter in the play is Macduff. Before Macbeth is to be killed we find out that he is a great warrior, a sane man, and a superstitious man. In Act I scene ii we find out that Macbeth is a great warrior. We start the scene off from a sergeants account of the fighting against the enemy's of the king and Macbeth. For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name,-disdaining fortune, with his brandish'd steel, which smok'd with bloody execution. (I,ii,16-18) From this we can tell that Macbeth fought bravely and through unbeatable odds against Macdonwald's army. It also tells us that Macbeth can handle a sword like it was an extension of his own body. The sergeant also tells us: As cannons overcharg'd with double cracks; So they doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe: (I,ii,37-39) From this we can tell that he was a relentless and courageous fighter and would not stop until he had won. He is such a fearless fighter that the day would be remembered for centuries to come the sergeant says: "Or memorize another Golgotha," this tells us that Macbeth would have gone down in the books as Scotland's heroic warrior. Macbeth had two glorious battles both of which he had won. from these battles and the sergeants words we can truly say that Macbeth was a great warrior. Macbeth is also to be portrayed as an insane man, but I think that this is not to be true. An insane man is supposed to be delirious, make no sense what-so-ever, and to enjoy the killing and deaths of others. On the contrary Macbeth is none of these, he in my opinion is a very sane man. Macbeth says to lady Macbeth that "we will proceed no further in this business" (I,vii,31) in this scene Macbeth is showing hesitation in killing Ducan, which tells us that Macbeth like any other normal man does not like killing. In Act II scene I Macbeth has his first major Soliloquy where he seems to be delirious by seeing a dagger floating around him "A dagger of the mind, a false creation" (II,i,38). I think that this in fact is just his imagination telling him that it is a mistake to kill Ducan. Macbeth has a very stressful decision on his mind whether to compel to the

Why did the Beatles and the Rolling Stones have such a great impact during the 1960’s?

In the early 60's and late 50's things changed people were more open to new ideas and T.V, fashion and Music became a very big part of life. They were all new and exciting and every young person wanted to be part of it. Music especially played a big part all that teenagers wanted to do was listen to music but this was made very hard for them there was no radio stations for them the had to listen to Radio Luxembourg which although played non-stop pop music kept cutting out after every few minutes the in 1964 a new pirate station was launched it was Radio Caroline It was a ship which was just outside British territorial waters and did the same as radio Luxembourg, played non stop pop music. Every teenager loved it but it was very unpopular with the BBC and the government and they tried to get it banned. There were British Pop acts though and two of the biggest were the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. When I say big I mean huge, I was born in 1988 about 25 years after the bands started out and I could quote you lyrics from some of their songs. People are still buying their music today and they are still acquiring new fans every year. The Beatles wee four Lads from Liverpool with very broad regional accents and they were Paul, Ringo, George and John. The Beatles were different they had different and new hairstyles and they wrote and performed their own music unlike so many other British acts. Many people didn't like them and saw them as an attack on the establishment. The Rolling Stones were Mick, Keith, Charlie and Bill. They were from London and they had their first hit in Britain in 1963 with Come On/I Wanna Be Loved. They also had a hit with a Beatles cover. They were known by the establishment as longhaired louts and had very much the same feedback from the public as the Beatles did although a lot of people would argue that they were worse than the Beatles. One person said that when they went to a Beatles concert they didn't hear one note all they could hear was the thousands of fans screaming. This was new no one had supported a band or musician like this before yes there had been strong followings for people before but nothing like that was seen at each bands concerts. At about the same time or just slightly before the same music phenomenon was happening in the USA with bands like the beach boys and the monkeys. British music was influenced by the US and a lot of people looked to the country as inspiration. Neither were instant hits though The Beatles had actually been a struggling band playing in clubs like the cavern, where they actually got discovered and the stones didn't get to number one until July 1964. As the years went on they got more drastic and the Beatles wrote songs which were obviously about drugs and this is why young people liked them because they weren't afraid to say what they wanted to which many teenagers wanted to but never could do before. I suppose our modern day answer to the Beatles would be someone like Eimenem. In the beginning of the 60's there was such an attack on the establishment and bands like the stones and the Beatles upheld this attack. They were people teenagers could follow and who their parents didn't really like, which for some made them like them even more. They weren't just pop stars to them, they were heroes. You could say well what makes them so different from every other band, what made them so special well one of the things for the Beatles was that they were one of the first, no other band was like them they were new, exciting and talented. A modern day example of how they become famous is the spice girls and I'm not comparing them on talent but when the spice girls came along there was no other proper girl band which is why thy were such a success. Lyrics were a big part of both bands they were new and inspirational and home-grown examples are â€Å"I can't get no satisfaction† from the Beatles and † I wish somebody'd come along and run into it and wreck it†. They also wrote their own lyrics. They were turned in Media Stars and they both were the first ever bands to be a hit in America no other bands were like them. They both had very good management which also helped them lots The Beatles had Epstein and the stones had Oldham both of whom were very good at their jobs and made stars out of both bands. Something that kept the Beatles and the stones in the charts was that they changed with the times, the sixties was all about that nothing stayed popular for very long but they changed as the time went to suit that months trend. The stones didn't change as much as the Beatles but from what they did I think they grew into it, I believe that the Beatles were managed into it but it made them a success, made them very rich and gave each one a chance at their own solo careers. They were legends, the two remaining Beatles now have been successful in their careers and even today the rolling stones are still performing and realising album the most recent one being 40 licks, which was a complete success and which I know of people my own age that brought the C.D so if they get that kind response in 2003 you can only begin to imagine what it was like in sixties how it made their fans feel how much impact they had on everyone whether they enjoyed their music or not.

Proof and Prove

Proof and Prove Proof and Prove Proof and Prove By Mark Nichol The following words are related to each other and to words based on the element prob-, seen in a number of words ranging from probe to probable and derived from the Latin verb probare, meaning â€Å"demonstrate† or â€Å"test.† The noun proof refers to evidence or something that makes an assertion certain or valid. It also applies to a test of an object or substance to evaluate its quality. The term also pertains to the alcoholic strength of a beverage, to a special collector’s issue of a coin (but originally in reference to coin production as a test run), to a test impression or print, or to typeset material produced for correction before a final version is published. As a verb, proof refers to activating yeast, strengthening something, or correcting text; proofread is an alternative to describe the last action, the activity is called proofreading, and one who proofreads is a proofreader. The word functions as an adjective in references to resistance (for example, â€Å"Education is intended to be proof against ignorance†), which is condensed in compounds such as foolproof. Prove (by way of the Old French verb prueve) means â€Å"check,† â€Å"test,† or â€Å"verify,† or â€Å"show that one is capable or worthy.† The past tense is rendered as either proved or proven, and the adjectival and adverbial forms are provable (or proven or, rarely, proved), and provably, while one who proves is a prover, and the quality of being provable is provableness. Other than the past-tense forms and the adjectival form provable, these words are not common. Approve (by way of the old French verb aprover) originally was simply a variant of prove, but it later developed the sense of â€Å"agree to,† â€Å"allow,† or â€Å"sanction.† The action is approval or, more formally, approbation; the noun approver, the verb approbate, and the adjective approbatory are all rare. To reprove is to censure, correct, or scold; the action is reproof. One who reproves is a reprove (though that usage is rare), and one may be described as scolding reprovingly. These words stem from the Anglo-French verb reprover and ultimately derive from the Latin verb reprobare, the source of reprobate. (The family of related words that retain the prob- element are discussed in this post.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating Conjunctions50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersConfusion of Subjective and Objective Pronouns

Christina Aguleria and Lil Kim essays

Christina Aguleria and Lil' Kim essays In Bad Sistas, Tricia Rose addresses raps written by women that specifically concern male-female relationships. She says, MC Lytes and Salt N Pepa have reputations for biting raps that criticize men who manipulate and abuse women. Their lyrics tell the story of men taking advantage of women, cheating on them, taking their money, and leaving them for other unsuspecting female victims (Rose 267). These songs address problems that females are continually facing. MC Lyte and Salt N Pepa are portraying these problems to forewarn women about the deceiving men out there. These songs most importantly try to resist the common double standard of society. MC Lyte is trying to resist the common standard of society by having men be addressed as tramps, rather than women. Roses analytical approach can most certainly be applied to a much more recent example. In 2003, Christina Aguilera released, Cant Hold Us Down, featuring Lil Kim. Aguilera and Lil Kim successfully resisted what they call the common double standard of society. Men are granted greater sexual freedom than women are. Augilera and Lil Kim voice their opinions in a powerful way and inform makes that this is politically incorrect. They address and attack the common double standard of how men can get away with their sexuality and have multiple partners, whereas women who do the same thing are looked down upon and are addressed as whores, sluts, or tramps. Christina states, The guy gets all the glory the more he can score While the girl can do the same and yet you call her a whore (Lyrics). This statement is true because you rarely hear about a male being called a whore for sleeping with many women. Its not fair that a female should be criticized about her sex life just because of he r gender. I think its very refreshing when women rappers address and attack the common ...

Freedom and the Art of Balance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Freedom and the Art of Balance - Essay Example The most noticeable one is Nichomachean Ethics. In this Aristotle pointed out the virtue ethics which demarcated the proper functioning of every article of thing. He said that what is fact is truth for e.g. an eye is only a good eye as long as it can see as the proper function of eye is sight. Also, he identified the best activity of the soul as eudaimonia (a sense of happiness that suffuses the good life) and in order to attain the good life one must live a balanced life and avoid anything in excess. This excess could hold different meaning for different people and also for different situations and exists as a golden mean between the two vices- one is an excess while other is a deficiency (Nichomachean Ethics). This is essential to define the quality of a person's habits or character as the man of excellence or the thing of excellence is said to have virtue and this in its highest forms is associated with potential for happiness (Nichomachean Ethics). Book 1 defines the subject matter and emphasizes on the Goal-directed ethics and is often called teleological. In this Aristotle stated that everything has a purpose or end. For instance a good knife has a purpose to cut and therefore must be sharp. In the similar manner every human has also a purpose this might be different than what he has thought, i.e.

Journal 1 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journal 1 - Article Example They are identified by their wisdom, sincerity, authority and courage. They usually have human quality and strong commitment to their own ideologies and to those of their servants (Lopez, n.d). The first leadership I ever experienced in my life is the one that came from both my parents. All through my growth and development stages, my parents have been the core pillar of my understanding of what servant-leadership is. Looking up to them for being the first leaders I experienced in my life, they taught me how one could make a servant and a leader at the same time. In my teenage period when I ignored all that happened around me, never did they go wrong in ensuring that I remained respectful. They ensured that I was liable to my actions without compromising the love I had for them. That was wisdom, authority and courage they showed me. Being the first born in a family of six, I try frequently to emulating their leadership skill of sincerity, authority and courage down to my younger sibl ings. In my school life, I also met other leaders: Teachers and student leaders who showed love, provided good direction, made personal sacrifices and encouraged healthy competition among the people they led. My teachers ensured that order, justice and equality for all people could be best achieved through dialogue. Servant leaders develop logical and analytical skills taught in learning institutions. In schools we are taught on how to express unlimited liability for others. These include knowing one self, developing communities and use of power accordingly which make us become servant leaders (Lopez, n.d). I HAVE A DREAM Leaders make great personal sacrifice for the good of their servants. Wise leadership never depends on luck. Rather, it trusts its future to positive attitude, hard work, determination and endurance. There is no easy way to develop leaders. They must learn continually throughout their lives. It is in this context that Martin Luther’s dream of a country which is free of injustices and oppression came to be fulfilled. Martin Luther had a dream of his children living in a nation not judged by their skin color but by their character. True to his words, America is now a great nation and this is clearly depicted by their status as superpower country under a black president (King, n.d). As elaborated in the previous paragraph, self-knowledge enhances genuineness since being honest and open with others is difficult. Such individual qualities reinforce group quality and that is what leadership is all about. In a broader sense, we see the purpose of leadership embraces different values. These include creating a supportive environment where people can grow, live in peace and harmony with one another, promoting harmony with the Mother Nature thus sustainability for future generations, creating communities of shared responsibilities where all people, irrespective of color, age, race and social status matter. Ultimately, each person’s welfare and dignity is supported and valued. I was once a drama club leader in my school. When I sit back and reflect on how I led the drama group I come to realize that it is with such characters as self-knowledge, described by Martin Luther above, that I successfully managed reinforcing group quality that made the drama club a success. By the time I quit drama for other things, we already had like three trophies for our school. All these are characteristics

Strategic Analysis and Choice Invastigation Essay

Strategic Analysis and Choice Invastigation - Essay Example This is done through strategic management in order to contemplate its resources and exploit its opportunities. An example of organization facing these challenges is the coca-cola company, which is a multinational company. This paper will give an analysis of its strategic choices as the company strives to compete with others to win the majority of the customers. Coca-cola Company is one of the most successful companies that need to lay down some fundamental strategies in order to promote its growth and sustainability. It is the leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non-alcoholic beverage in the world. The company believes that consumers are the life of their business. It operates in more than two hundred countries with four hundred brands. These brands include water, juice drinks, coffees, teas, sports drinks, energy drinks, diet beverage and many others. They connect to future consumer by providing high quality products. Their employees are skilled and the materials they use are of high quality. The Company can collaborate with other bottling organizations to venture into many countries with maximizing value through affordable price and volume approach. In order to develop its marketing strategies, the company has integrated its operations into a single unit. This has been done through management approaches that enable the company to realize the business objectives and promote quality customer relationship. The marketing strategies are essential to fulfill the vision in the future and to fulfill the need for a complete drink taste in all the countries. They have successfully communicated to the market status for the required development of the company in many countries since the company has produced excellent operating revenues as it continue to outpace the cola soft-drinks. Its top management has promoted increase in sales and market shares with strong business presentation (Daniel, Wassell, & Gilligan 1999, 46-8). The new marketing platform 'Real' coca- cola will help in enhancing the image of the brand, especially among teens and adults worldwide through reinforcing a genuine connection to the customers and partnership of other sectors. The enhanced brand will provide better market opportunities for their products and hence the company will create enthusiasm for their business partners and retailers. They have also customized flavors and packaging styles with the brand maintaining the premium price comparative to the competitive brands. Good marketing strategies and planning are essential for the company's development so that the company gives its best to their business in its totality. Quality management would ensure that the company is well-positioned hence meet the customers' needs and continue to experience strong growth through new goods and stretched distribution. Coca- cola may highlight their operating sector to work with other partners like bottling partners in order to accomplish the price strategies that would reinforce their financial results, provide customers with choices that would satisfy their needs and deliver value for the consumers. The coca- cola company can integrate the possible required steps for the development of effective strategies that is responsive to the needs of the customers worldwide. Their perfect structure reflects the way

Climate Change Essay Example for Free

Climate Change Essay Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world; these latter effects are currently causing global warming, and climate change is often used to describe human-specific impacts. Causes of climate change Natural causes Continental drift You may have noticed something peculiar about South America and Africa on a map of the world dont they seem to fit into each other like pieces in a jigsaw puzzle? About 200 million years ago they were joined together! Scientists believe that back then, the earth was not as we see it today, but the continents were all part of one large landmass. Proof of this comes from the similarity between plant and animal fossils and broad belts of rocks found on the eastern coastline of South America and western coastline of Africa, which are now widely separated by the Atlantic Ocean. The discovery of fossils of tropical plants (in the form of coal deposits) in Antarctica has led to the conclusion that this frozen land at some time in the past, must have been situated closer to the equator, where the climate was tropical, with swamps and plenty of lush vegetation. The continents that we are familiar with today were formed when the landmass began gradually drifting apart, millions of years back. This drift also had an impact on the climate because it changed the physical features of the landmass, their position and the position of water bodies. The separation of the landmasses changed the flow of ocean currents and winds, which affected the climate. This drift of the continents continues even today; the Himalayan range is rising by about 1 mm (millimeter) every year because the Indian land mass is moving towards the Asian land mass, slowly but steadily. Volcanoes When a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapor, dust, and ash into the atmosphere. Although the volcanic activity may last only a few days, yet the large volumes of gases and ash can influence climatic patterns for years. Millions of tons of sulphur dioxide gas can reach the upper levels of the atmosphere (called the stratosphere) from a major eruption. The gases and dust particles partially block the incoming rays of the sun, leading to cooling. Sulphur dioxide combines with water to form tiny droplets of sulphuric acid. These droplets are so small that many of them can stay aloft for several years. The earths tilt The earth makes one full orbit around the sun each year. It is tilted at an angle of 23.5 ° to the perpendicular plane of its orbital path. For one half of the year when it is summer, the northern hemisphere tilts towards the sun. In the other half when it is winter, the earth is tilted away from the sun. If there was no tilt we would not have experienced seasons. Changes in the tilt of the earth can affect the severity of the seasons more tilt means warmer summers and colder winters; less tilt means cooler summers and milder winters. The Earths orbit is somewhat elliptical, which means that the distance between the earth and the Sun varies over the course of a year. We usually think of the earths axis as being fixed, after all, it always seems to point toward Polaris (also known as the Pole Star and the North Star). Actually, it is not quite constant: the axis does move, at the rate of a little more than a half-degree each century. So Polaris has not always been, and will not always be, the star pointing to the North. When the pyramids were built, around 2500 BC, the pole was near the star Thuban (Alpha Draconis). This gradual change in the direction of the earths axis, called precession is responsible for changes in the climate. Ocean currents The oceans are a major component of the climate system. They cover about 71% of the Earth and absorb about twice as much of the suns radiation as the atmosphere or the land surface. Ocean currents move vast amounts of heat across the planet roughly the same amount as the atmosphere does. But the oceans are surrounded by land masses, so heat transport through the water is through channels. Ocean currents have been known to change direction or slow down. Much of the heat that escapes from the oceans is in the form of water vapour, the most abundant greenhouse gas on Earth. Yet, water vapor also contributes to the formation of clouds, which shade the surface and have a net cooling effect. Any or all of these phenomena can have an impact on the climate, as is believed to have happened at the end of the last Ice Age, about 14,000 years ago. Human causes Greenhouse gases and their sources Carbon dioxide is undoubtedly, the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Changes in land use pattern, deforestation, land clearing, agriculture, and other activities have all led to a rise in the emission of carbon dioxide. Methane is another important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. About  ¼ of all methane emissions are said to come from domesticated animals such as dairy cows, goats, pigs, buffaloes, camels, horses, and sheep. These animals produce methane during the cud-chewing process Methane is also emitted from landfills and other waste dumps. If the waste is put into an incinerator or burnt in the open, carbon dioxide is emitted. Methane is also emitted during the process of oil drilling, coal mining and also from leaking gas pipelines (due to accidents and poor maintenance of sites). A large amount of nitrous oxide emission has been attributed to fertilizer application. This in turn depends on the type of fertilizer that is used, how and when it is used and the methods of tilling that are followed. Contributions are also made by leguminous plants, such as beans and pulses that add nitrogen to the soil. How we all contribute every day All of us in our daily lives contribute our bit to this change in the climate. Give these points a good, serious thought: Electricity is the main source of power in urban areas. All our gadgets run on electricity generated mainly from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants are run on fossil fuels (mostly coal) and are responsible for the emission of huge amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Cars, buses, and trucks are the principal ways by which goods and people are transported in most of our cities. These are run mainly on petrol or diesel, both fossil fuels. We generate large quantities of waste in the form of plastics that remain in the environment for many years and cause damage. We use a huge quantity of paper in our work at schools and in offices. Have we ever thought about the number of trees that we use in a day? Timber is used in large quantities for construction of houses, which means that large areas of forest have to be cut down. A growing population has meant more and more mouths to feed. Because the land area available for agriculture is limited (and in fact, is actually shrinking as a result of ecological degradation!), high-yielding varieties of crop are being grown to increase the agricultural output from a given area of land. However, such high-yielding varieties of crops require large quantities of fertilizers; and more fertilizer means more emissions of nitrous oxide, both from the field into which it is put and the fertilizer industry that makes it. Pollution also results from the run-off of fertilizer into water bodies. Effects of Climate Change Today Over 100 years ago, people worldwide began burning more coal and oil for homes, factories, and transportation. Burning these fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These added greenhouses gases have caused Earth to warm more quickly than it has in the past. Sea level is rising. During the 20th century, sea level rose about 15 cm (6 inches) due to melting glacier ice and expansion of warmer seawater. Models predict that sea level may rise as much as 59 cm (23 inches) during the 21st Century, threatening coastal communities, wetlands, and coral reefs. Arctic sea ice is melting. The summer thickness of sea ice is about half of what it was in 1950. Melting ice may lead to changes in ocean circulation. Plus melting sea ice is speeding up warming in the Arctic. Glaciers and permafrost are melting. Over the past 100 years, mountain glaciers in all areas of the world have decreased in size and so has the amount of permafrost in the Arctic. Greenlands ice sheet is melting faster too. Sea-surface temperatures are warming. Warmer waters in the shallow oceans have contributed to the death of about a quarter of the worlds coral reefs in the last few decades. Many of the coral animals died after weakened by bleaching, a process tied to warmed waters. The temperatures of large lakes are warming. The temperatures of large lakes world-wide have risen dramatically. Temperature rises have increased algal blooms in lakes, favor invasive species, increase stratification in lakes and lower lake levels. Heavier rainfall cause flooding in many regions. Warmer temperatures have led to more intense rainfall events in some areas. This can cause flooding. Extreme drought is increasing. Higher temperatures cause a higher rate of evaporation and more drought in some areas of the world. Crops are withering. Increased temperatures and extreme drought are causing a decline in crop productivity around the world. Decreased crop productivity can mean food shortages which have many social implications. Ecosystems are changing. As temperatures warm, species may either move to a cooler habitat or die. Species that are particularly vulnerable include endangered species, coral reefs, and polar animals. Warming has also caused changes in the timing of spring events and the length of the growing season. Hurricanes have changed in frequency and strength. There is evidence that the number of intense hurricanes has increased in the Atlantic since 1970. Scientists continue to study whether climate is the cause. More frequent heat waves. It is likely that heat waves have become more common in more areas of the world. Warmer temperatures affect human health. There have been more deaths due to heat waves and more allergy attacks as the pollen season grows longer. There have also been some changes in the ranges of animals that carry disease like mosquitoes. Seawater is becoming more acidic. Carbon dioxide dissolving into the oceans, is making seawater more acidic. There could be impacts on coral reefs and other marine life.

The Trends Of Operating Systems Information Technology Essay

The Trends Of Operating Systems Information Technology Essay In short, the operating system is the brain of a computer. The computer only works depending on what kind of operating system it is using. Most people prefer to use Windows than other systems because it is being globally used. The people who chose Macs over Windows did so because Macs works very smoothly for them, they are virtually virus free and that the hardware are also sleek and high-end looking. Linux users prefer to use Linux because it is an open source and not only are they virus free, but they also can download the software for free over the internet. It does not matter what kind of Operating System the consumer wishes to use because it all comes down to their own preferences. 5 Task 2-Presentation 6 Task 1-Report What products does my local area import? What products does my local area import? You can research one product, a type of product, or several different products. You will need to look at the current trends and how these are changing, and how they are expected to change in the future. You should look at the reasons behind the trends. You can research this online and also get information from local business or shops. You do not necessarily have to look at large scale imports in major industries it could be a small store which imports fruit and vegetables from a nearby farm. Operating System The Operating System-or OS for short-used on a computer really depends on what type of computer the consumer itself is using. The operating systems version will have to depend on users preferences and what they are aiming to achieve with the product. If a person buys a Sony VAIO, he or she is most likely to use Windows as his/her computers operating system, and if the person buys an Apple, it would be Mac because the system has been pre-loaded into their computers. A computer is considered useless if it is without its operating system. Current Trend: In Brunei, Microsoft Windows is being widely used and preferred at the moment. Reason being is that most of the consumers primary computers operating system is Windows. Thus, a lot of the people prefer to use Windows because it is what they are familiar and comfortable with. It is also easier for them to do their work since most of them-be it at school or in the office-still prefer Windows than other operating systems and they can easily sync their work without having to change their files format to suit the operating system they are using. However, the Windows users have to deal with virus prone software that are highly disliked by the consumers as the virus will corrupt their work. Even with anti-virus programs installed into their computers, they still get virus threats every now and then because when you buy a PC, you get both the hardware and software from different companies, which makes it vulnerable to virus attacks because Windows allow various types application to be download into the system and viruses are one of them. Changing Trends: Macintosh was the first computer ever produced, however Windows gained popularity because it sold itself to big companies such as IBM. The government has recently introduced Mac to students by providing public schools with MacBooks so that their students can be Apple literate. The public people, although not in a very large number, are also slowly starting to shift to Mac because they feel that it is much more secure and reliable in terms of virus handling and crashing programs than Windows because Macs applications and computers are both made Apple. Since Macs applications are made to work generally the same way, it would be easier for users to learn and navigate throughout the system. Apple build their own computers and software so it rarely crash or freeze or even catch a virus because its design. Apples browser, Safari alerts users when an item has finished downloading as well as continually making free security updates with the option of having it automatically downloaded. Future Trends: Even with the currently slow Windows to Mac conversion in Brunei, there are people who also wish to switch from Windows to Linux, but not in a very large number. Why people would want to switch to Linux is because not only Linux is freely distributed, its functionality, flexibility and sturdiness has made it the main alternative for proprietary UNIX and Microsoft operating systems. Not only that most of their software are virus free but the system also automatically updates them. Major computing companies have embraced and supported Linuxs development and it has been adopted worldwide primarily as a server platform and is getting more common for home and office desktop. Whether its a scientist, a hacker, a student or someone who wants to store everything on the internet, theres always something for everyone, but if there is not any flavour of Linux for you, you could always tailor one for yourself. You can install Linux on your computer, your tablet, your phone or even your washing machine and it will run just fine. Linux is very flexible in that way and that flexibility is what makes it so powerful and is why many labs, servers and companies use Linux. Chart: According to the survey conducted, 69% people who did the survey are Windows user, 27% of them uses Mac and the remaining 4% uses Linux. 1 out 4 Windows user, who are using Windows 7 wishes to move to Mac because Mac is much better in terms of virus handling and it is cheaper compared to when they buy a PC. 1 out of 8 user wishes to move to Linux because they are interested on how it works as Linux is a free open source that are powered and developed by the community. 3 out 4 Windows user, who are using older versions of Windows, wishes to upgrade their PC to Windows 7 because: This version of Windows has improved itself in such a way that the users can multi-task easier on it than on the previous versions. It keeps the system safe by having a built-in protection against spyware and other malicious software, and it also encrypts the entire drive. Users will spend less time waiting for their PC to get ready if they use the Sleep Mode because it is made to do so. It is also designed to reconnect to their wireless network faster so it will be ready in seconds. It has added features such as Pin and Jump List and it is able to navigate lots of open windows. Users can turn their PC into a Wi-Fi hotspot and share any kind of Internet connection wirelessly with any Wi-Fi enabled devices by using Connectify. Conclusion: In short, the operating system is the brain of a computer. The computer only works depending on what kind of operating system it is using. Most people prefer to use Windows than other systems because it is being globally used. The people who chose Macs over Windows did so because Macs works very smoothly for them, they are virtually virus free and that the hardware are also sleek and high-end looking. Linux users prefer to use Linux because it is an open source and not only are they virus free, but they also can download the software for free over the internet. It does not matter what kind of Operating System the consumer wishes to use because it all comes down to their own preferences. Task 2-Presentation The topic of your report- what you chose to investigate. The topic is about Operating System. The conclusion of your report. In short, the operating system is the brain of a computer. The computer only works depending on what kind of operating system it is using. Most people prefer to use Windows than other systems because it is being globally used. The people who chose Macs over Windows did so because Macs works very smoothly for them, they are virtually virus free and that the hardware are also sleek and high-end looking. Linux users prefer to use Linux because it is an open source and not only are they virus free, but they also can download the software for free over the internet. It does not matter what kind of Operating System the consumer wishes to use because it all comes down to their own preferences. The research that support your conclusion. Mac Vs. PC: Myth-Busting Guide For Consumers (http://www.hongkiat.com/blog/mac-vs-pc-myth-busting-consumer-guide/) The Benefits of Mac Vs. PC (http://www.brighthub.com/computing/mac-platform/articles/61625.aspx) About Linux (http://www.linux.org/info/index.html) Survey Form (http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/VRV8K3G) How the research supports your conclusions and how you came to these conclusions. I found the information needed from the internet and from the survey I have conducted. My conclusion speaks about the consumers preferences on which type of Operating System they will then wish to choose. The steps you took to research your report. I first understand the question. Then, I thought of topic and then proceeded to come up with ideas for my report from the internet. I gathered information from each of the Operating Systems official website, except for Linux as there is not any existing official website, and other websites that compares what kind of Operating System the public prefers to use. How you conducted research I have conducted a survey on Survey Monkey (http://www.surveymonkey.com) so that the public people can provide me with information I need to complete my report. I have gathered information through the internet from a search engine, Google, to find relevant websites. How you evaluated the sources I took the relevant points and compared them with each other to confirm that what I wrote in my report in accurate. Why you chose your sources They are reliable. They provide clear explanations on each of the products. I can comprehend their clarification on the subject. The steps you took to write and edit your report. I gathered as much information I can get and then summaries the indentified relevant points and I tried to avoid repetition. How you feel about your ability and skills as a writer My writing skills are not so brilliant because I cannot interpret the things I visualised onto paper very well. Your strengths and weaknesses Strength: I have a fairly good vocabulary so it made my task somewhat easier. Weakness: I had trouble identifying key points in the gathered information. I also had trouble composing the report because of my lack of key point identifying skills. I spent too much time on thinking of what kind of information to collect. What you would change next time and why I wish to improve my time managing skills and identifying skills in written form so that I will not submit my work so close to the due date and I can ignore irrelevant information.